İngilizce Test (154 Soru)

**Başak** · 11.07.08, 12:08

Find the sentence for the blank that covers the meaning
1- Though generally marked by brief attention periods, nearly all 5-8 year old boys love to fish. Considering the quiet patience successful fishing demands, this is a stunning phenomenon. ………… But, unfortunately, this restrained anticipation is not always rewarded with a catch.
A)Fishing is a popular sport because anyone can engage in it, regardless of age, sex or income
B)Not every boy, of course, will fit the pattern - some may quickly get bored with the activity
C)Perhaps it is the constant possibility of catching something which keeps them interested
D)The term still fishing refers to the technique of catching fish without moving from one spot
E)The fisherman must always be prepared to leap from his quiet waiting into action

2-……………. . We know, for example, that at noon in New York, it will always be five in the afternoon in London. But this is actually a recent development, only 150 years ago, every town and hamlet set their own clocks: judging noon by the local apex of the sun's daily climb. It was the arrival of the railroad which made a coordinated system necessary, as a time difference of only a few minutes between cities might cause a collision.
A)It is not always easy to keep track of the time in this global economy
B)The world is divided into 24 time zones, and the width of each is about 15 degrees longitude
C)Without accurate time keeping, there could be no modern world
D)The railroad brought many more changes than just faster transportation
E)Today almost all of us are aware of the worldwide system of time zones

3-…………. . Because of this lack of foresight, there will be huge problems after the last day of the year 1999 if no solutions have been found by then. Many computers will be unable to interpret dates past that date. For example, the year 2000, shown as "00," will be read as 1900.
A)To save memory, computer programmers originally represented years by the last two digits
B)For all their apparent complexity, digital computers are basically simple machines
C)The cost of fixing the world’s computers in time for the millennium may approach $1 trillion
D)Programs, also called software, are detailed sequences of instructions directing the computer hardware to perform operations
E)Programmers are hard at work fixing the so-called "millennium bug" before it causes damage

4- ……… : "four bedrooms"; "lots of storage space"; "close to my work"; "low rent"; "a quiet neighbourhood"; "a big yard"; "a scenic view"; and so on. This is because to most people, housing quality obviously means more than simply shelter.
A)Many people prefer to have the front door open into an entrance hallway
B)Up to the 1930s, it was considered essential to have a separate dining room in a house
C)When people are asked what kind of housing they want, the question evokes a variety of answers
D)A vital feature of any house is its accessibility to the occupant's place of work, to stores and schools
E)The quality of housing available to an individual, a couple or a larger family ultimately depends on their Income

5- The first practical photographic process that produced lasting pictures was invented by Louis Jacques-Mande Daguerre, a French painter and physicist. For his invention, he was appointed an officer of the Legion of Honor, and the French government published his process and granted him 6.000 francs annually. …………., and were among the earliest photographic portraits.
A)George Eastman was another pioneer in the field of photography
B)He used this method to take many photographs of his wife
C)He took pictures of many of the most famous people in France
D)Prints made by this process were known as daguerreotypes
E)The process has not been used for well over one hundred years, however

6-Teaching children to swim at an early age is not only something the kids will enjoy, but vital to their general safety. With so many backyard swimming pools, rivers and reservoirs scattered about urban areas, the chances a child may accidentally fall into a body of water are high …….. .
A)Thus, it's best to prepare for such an event by making sure your child will have the skills to save himself
B)These are all good places to have a swim, so it is important that children learn how and enjoy the opportunities
C)Even people who know how to swim can be at risk of drowning
D)A good swimmer will be able to avoid such accidents
E)These situations, however, are usually not dangerous: In fact. They can be funny

7- While the invention of e-mail certainly has many advantages, the world surely miss the pleasure of old fashioned letters in the mail. A hand written letter has a personal touch an electronic message could never achieve. Each personal letter is unique: the paper, the handwriting, the stamps. And, when they arrive, it's as though they have a history. …….. . But e-mails lack this. They don't feel as though they have travelled anywhere. They just appear as if they've come out of thin air.
A)Computers are used daily by many individuals for the main purposes of sending and receiving e-mail
B)A posted letter feels like a real, physical connection between the sender and receiver
C)The older a posted letter is, the more precious it becomes
D)It takes posted letters longer to arrive, but it is most definitely worth the wait
E)You know a posted letter has made a long, and perhaps eventful, journey to your door

8- In human beings, instinct reveals itself in such things as self-protection in the face of attack. ………. . They, for instance, build their nests entirely by instinct. More dramatic, perhaps, is the instinct that compels many species of bird to migrate. How this process works remains a mystery.
A)The eagle is known to have a sharp sense of instinct
B)In other animals, however, instinct plays a much larger role, as in the case of birds
C)Instinct requires no instruction, and even the smallest animal is instinctive
D)Birds, insects, mammals - all animal life forms rely on their instinct.
E)This is an inherited form of behaviour, common to all forms of animal

9- The mosquito is an insect belonging to the fly family and found in most parts of the world. Its eggs are laid and hatched in stagnant water. ……… . Likewise, another type is responsible for yellow fever.
A)The eggs are often laid in swamps or marshes
B)Like many insects, they can transmit diseases
C)One species of tropical mosquito transmits malaria
D)Mosquitoes should be controlled to prevent disease
E)Mosquito-transmitted diseases differ in their geographic distribution, specific causes and effects

10- ………. .Figure skating includes jumps and spins performed to music and the free skating event allows freedom of expression and interpretation. Speed skating involves races of various distances from 500 m to 10.000 m. Ice skating is also included in the Winter Olympics.
A)The Winter Olympics are held every four years and include a variety of events
B)People can enjoy many different types of winter sports, from skiing to skating
C)Ordinary people may think it extremely difficult to perform all those figures on ice
D)There are two kinds of competitive ice-skating: figure skating and speed skating
E)Skaters who have previously studied dance find that it helps them enormously

11-Fear of the number 13 has long been a superstition. Its roots are religious. At the Last Supper of Jesus and his disciples, there were 13 persons, one of whom was Judas, the traitor. Today many tall buildings omit a numbered 13th floor, skipping instead from 12 to 14, …………Nevertheless, the trick seems to be enough to reassure people that they are safe from bad luck.

A) Avoidance of black cats has religious origins as well
B)This does not make any difference for the blind, though
C) Seeing a black cat is also believed to bring bad luck
D) In such buildings, accidents and have been shown to be less frequent
E) This practice obviously can't really eliminate the thirteenth floor

12- Lightships are aids to navigation, similar in function to lighthouses. They came into use in the 17th century in places where it was not practical to build a lighthouse. Modern lightships are steel vessels about 35 metres long ………… . Some lightships, however, those equipped with automatic devices, require no ¤¤¤¤ time crew on board.

A)They are most suitable for sheltered waters where high-powered illumination is not necessary
B)Usually they are manned by a crew of about seven, and carry all the equipment standard to a lighthouse
C)Because lightships are often located in remote places, the power used to operate them is usually derived from diesel generators
D)To increase light intensity and focus it into a beam, mirrors and other reflectors came into use in the 18th century
E)Modern lighthouses have reflectors, as well as lenses and prisms, to carry the light farther

13-People of all ages in nearly every country where there is mountainous terrain enjoy the unique appeal of skiing. It is one of the few sports that enable people to move at high rates of speed without any power-producing device. ………………With the world's top athletes reaching speeds over 80 mph in the downhill, it is no wonder serious injuries are common.

A)Yet female skiers are actually less liable to injury than males, although they get hurt occasionally
B)Actually, it is rather miraculous that fatal injuries are extremely rare
C)In its simplest form, skiing is sliding down a snow-covered slope on a Pair of long, slim runners called skis
D)However, it can be a very dangerous sport, particularly at the professional level
E)Just recently American skier Peekabo Street suffered a broken leg during a competition

14-In recent years, "supermarkets" and the even larger "hypermarkets" have spread across the landscape……….. . Not everyone agrees, though, that they are a good thing. Those who object to these vast stores point to increased traffic caused not only by delivery trucks but also by cars travelling to them. They are also blamed for the destruction of local business and the resulting decline in town centres.

A)They are extremely inconvenient for people who do not have cars
B)As competition has become keener, supermarkets have added specialty shops, like small bakeries into their stores
C)Everything today seems to be called "super-", so the word is losing any real meaning
D)A variation on the supermarket is the box store, which sells products directly out of cartons
E)They are popular because they provide a great variety of products, and are generally cheaper than traditional shops

15- In the bronze age, the time of the Trojan Wars, ships seldom ventured out of sight of land because they had large crews to man the oars, and little space for provisions or sleeping. Nor were they able to withstand heavy weather, and their captains did not know how to find their way without landmarks to guide them. ………….. . Thus, the crew would cook, eat and sleep ashore.
A) The Polynesians were far ahead of the Europeans, being able to find their way guided by the stars
B) Occasionally a storm would take them far from land, and then, it was regarded as a disaster
C) For these reasons, they had to stop in a harbour very frequently
D) This means that they were often able to cover huge distances in a short time
E) However, because they had oars, they could still progress in light or strong winds

16-Typing is the most basic skill of the information-based economy. Those with typing skills, which can be acquired through a relatively basic course, are virtually assured of employment, though the pay may be low. ……….. . This, obviously, requires more extensive education.
A) The newest printing method in the industry is computerised, or electronic, printing
B) Combined with knowledge of computer programs, good typing skills can get one a high paying job
C) The electronic typewriter is similar in appearance to the manual machines
D) Typing can also be very useful in your personal life, helping with letters and reports
E) Yet many people may think that a low paying job is better than being unemployed

17-In recent years there has been a lot of discussion about how to improve the American educational system, because the shocking fact is that many young Americans leave schools even without the ability to read or write. One idea has been to try to copy from Japan, where students always score highly on international tests. ……… . Traditionally, for example, Japanese respect their teachers greatly, whereas in the United States, teachers are not highly regarded.
A) If this works, it could save money as well, since class sizes are much larger in Japan
B) Yet, this idea ignores the simple fact that the Japanese educational success is largely based on cultural standards
C) Parts of Britain, especially the inner city areas, have also experienced a decline in educational standards
D) One flaw in this argument is that Japan is a largely homogeneous society, while the United States is increasingly multi-cultural
E) Perhaps it is simply because the Japanese language is so difficult to read that the students need more self-discipline

18-…………You may feel perfectly fine until it rises to a certain extent. But when your cholesterol sneaks up above a desirable level, you are at risk of having a heart attack, heart disease, or a stroke. what can you do? In fact, once you are aware of the problem, it is quite easy to keep your cholesterol level under control through a care¤¤¤¤y followed diet plan.
A)If you eat a lot of fast foods, you can't say that you are eating healthily
B)Most people choose to eat food for taste rather than for their health
C)Cholesterol testing usually requires no preparation, but sometimes you may have to go hungry beforehand
D)It is not difficult to lose weight provided you apply a little self-discipline
E)A high cholesterol level is something you cannot see or hear

19-Most babies begin to use a few sounds that mean something when they are about a year old. However, there are perfectly normal children who wait months longer. .......... . A friendly, outgoing baby just naturally wants to talk young. The quiet, observer type seems to want to spend a long time just watching the world go by before he or she wants to say anything about it.
A)If a baby doesn't start talking at about one year old, it is probably not very bright
B)It's now accepted that foreign languages should be taught to children from the age of five
C)It seems to be largely a matter of character and personality
D)Some children start walking without ever learning to crawl
E)It does not matter because soon they will be talking so much that parents will wish they would be quiet

20-.......... The fall of snow in Tokyo provides a good example for this. There, one or two centimetres of snow is enough to shut down the entire city. Yet just a couple of hours away on the other side of the mountains, everyone lives with two or three metres of snow for most of the winter, and life goes on as usual.
A)Many Japanese think theirs is the only country in the world to have four seasons
B)Though most people take their holidays in the summer a lot of people prefer a winter holiday
C)Skiing is now one of the world's fastest growing sports
D)It is strange the way people have difficulty in coping with what they are not used to
E)Though Tokyo winters are cold, the weather is normally clear and dry

21-Mobile phones are used by one in five people in Britain. They are an accepted part of life in the 1990s. However, mobile phones are now beginning to suffer from an image problem after a series of scare stories linking them with cancer and short-term memory loss. Researchers are rushing to complete studies of the effects of mobiles on human brain tissue . ………… . The truth is that nobody really knows as yet because research has not been completed.
A)They are probably even more popular in the Far East than in Britain and the US.
B)Manufacturers are trying to give their product a more stylish image to detract from the scare stories
C)One wonders how people communicated in the days before the invention of the mobile phone
D)But once' people have got used to their comfort, it is so difficult to do without them
E)There is now the question of how safe mobile phones are

22-When we look at the night sky. It seems that the planets are always changing their positions while the stars appear to be fixed. ………… . One star, for example, though it actually moves quite fast, would take over two hundred years to move a distance equal to the diameter of the Earth's moon. It is only when we compare the records ancient peoples kept of the skies with the present day that we can see the stars really do move.
A)Planets also seem to have a steady light, while stars twinkle
B)In fact, stars are always moving, but they are so far away that we cannot see any change in their position
C)Astronomers can only estimate the total number of stars in the universe
D)Distance cannot be learned from a star's magnitude alone, because its magnitude depends upon its size and brightness as well
E)Talking about star signs is often a good way to begin a conversation with a stranger

23- Several years ago, two British backpackers were among the forty-seven passengers who survived the hijack and crash of a flight from Addis Ababa to Nairobi. They never saw their hijackers, and did not know if they were killed in the crash or were among the survivors. The travellers were both severely injured…………, so they went on from India to Australia, then to South America, as they had initially planned.
A)It would be ironic, of course, if the hijackers turned out to have survived after all
B)They were a little discouraged as they knew that hijacking like this were quite common in the region
C)But the two young women decided to complete their travels once their wounds had healed
D)It was quite a big disaster, though, because there were 127 people on board, of whom only 47 survived
E)This experience alone would have been enough to stop them from travelling further

24-In today’s society, where many occupations do not involve physical activity, staying healthy is often difficult,……. .However, maintaining one's health is not all that easy. Although health- conscious people may exercise or diet seriously for a certain length of time, many of them lose motivation and stop.
A)Many people suffer from ailments that would have been unknown to our ancestors
B)People who are healthy achieve this in a number of different ways
C)A little common sense seems to be all that is needed in order to remain healthy
D)Doctors are overwhelmed with people whose complaints they sometimes have trouble taking seriously
E)The effects of stress on the body were hardly acknowledged until quite recently

25-We live in an era when television has become the national pastime. Since the invention of the TV, people have been spending more free time watching it than doing anything else. Some TV addicts defend this by claiming that people can learn a great deal from watching TV…….. .They also contend that, with cable and satellite companies increasing their share of the market, it is now a waste of money as well.
A)Until recently we could watch major sporting events free of charge and without the need for special equipment
B)The heavyweight boxing championship is an event that is no longer on live television
C)In fact some of the d6cumentaries and nature programs are very educational
D)Others argue that watching television simply robs people of their valuable time
E)Educational programs are often on at odd hours, so you need a video to record them

26-…… . Of them, a well-trained doctor will select the best that will cure a particular illness of a patient. Sometimes there are some points to consider even within the same method. The use of an antibiotic such as penicillin may be the best treatment for a particular infectious disease, for example, but it would not be the ideal therapy for someone allergic to penicillin. Then he would have to choose another antibiotic to treat the disease.
A) Medicine has changed greatly in the last 100 years
B) Doctors are not equally distributed throughout a country
C) Early medicine did not have the professional status it now does
D) Certain types of laboratory work can be done by medical technicians
E) There are many methods of treating disease

27-A number of farmers and gardeners today have taken up what is called “organic” farming and gardening, which means growing plants and vegetables without using man-made chemicals. A good example of how this works is the use of ladybugs to control aphids,………..By introducing ladybugs into their gardens, however, which love to eat aphids, farmers can get rid of these harmful bugs without causing any harm to the good ones.
A) Another friendly insect, the honeybee, is the most efficient way of spreading pollen
B) Children love to play with ladybugs, and never hurt them
C) People also say that fruit and vegetables grown organically taste better
D) There are many kinds of aphids, but most feed exclusively on a particular crop, weed or tree
E) Using an insecticide would also kill harmless insects alongside them

28-In 1846, an Italian chemist named Asciano Sobrero produced the first nitro-glycerine. When he heated a drop of it, it produced a large explosion. ……. .Of course his noble gesture did no good at all. Other scientists followed up his research, and high explosives were being used in warfare by the end of the 19th century.
A)He immediately realised that this chemical could be used to produce weapons of mass destruction and stopped his research
B)Realising its potential for warfare, he was intelligent enough to make a fortune from it
C)His research into how to produce this chemical in large quantities makes him one of history's most evil scientists
D)It is dreadful to think that about 100 gallons of gas are produced by only one ounce of nitro-glycerine
E)This, of course, was nothing compared to the explosives that would be developed in the 20th century

29-If we think of the Neanderthal man at all, we tend to think of an ape-like creature, ugly and low in intelligence. In fact this distant ancestor of ours was more intelligent and accomplished than is generally acknowledged. He made tools such as stone knives, flint balls and scrapers that were not only useful, but also beautiful. It was also the Neanderthal man who first developed the use of mineral colours, the first sign of mankind's inherent artistic sense. …………This suggests that there were the beginnings of a complex religious system.
A)Some of their paintings were scenes of hunting and other aspects of daily life
B)Remains of these early humans were first found in 1856 in the Neander Valley in Germany
C)These factors point out Just how ski fled materially this underrated ancestor of ours actually was
D)Neanderthal settlements continued to exist side by side with later groups such as the Cro-magnon man
E)Perhaps most surprising Is the ceremonial way In which the dead were buried

30-…….. because, after centuries of scientific stagnation, there were suddenly a number of new inventions and discoveries. It was early in the century, for example, that Galileo perfected the telescope and reported on his observations of the heavenly bodies. Still early in the century, William Harvey discovered the way in which blood circulates in humans and other animals. But possibly the greatest scientist of the century was Isaac Newton, who discovered the laws of gravity and those governing physics and light.
A) It is impossible to imagine astronomy without the telescope
B) The individual inventive effort of past years is now largely replaced by organised research
C) It was not until the invention of the steam engine that Industrial Revolution became a real possibility
D) For the scientist, seventeenth century Europe must have been an exciting time and place
E) Many of the "discoveries" that the West took credit for had long been known to the Arabs

31-In most traditional societies, nothing goes to waste. For example, some nomadic societies live almost entirely on the products of their animals. They burn the dried dung for fuel, drink the milk, clothe themselves in the hides and furs, and eat the meat. …………… . One of the more shocking statistics is that every five years, the average westerner throws away an amount of waste equal to the weight of the Statue of Liberty.
A)Some extreme environmentalists feel that we should all go back to living in that way
B)By contrast, in western consumer-oriented societies, sometimes more is thrown away than is used
C)Furthermore, since they are always on the move, they are careful not to over-use the land
D)In spite of this way of life that is in harmony with nature, nomads are being forced to settle down in many countries
E)On the other hand, most of today's societies manufacture almost everything they use

32-…………..for his father spoke only English, Gaelic was James's mother tongue. English always felt flat and harsh, like daylight after night-fishing, but his mother made sure he was as proficient as a little prince, for they were part of the British Empire and he had his way to make.
A)Like his father, James spoke a number of languages, including Gaelic and French
B)It used to make his father angry when James and his mother spoke Gaelic together
C)When it came to the ability for speaking languages, James took after his father
D)In colonial Nova Scotia, which was settled by Scots, Gaelic was the local language
E)When James was angry at his mother, he used to speak in Gaelic to his father

33-The social scientist Talcott Parsons developed the "Role-Model Theory", which meant a boy would follow his father for his role model, while a girl would follow her mother. It soon became apparent, however, that this theory was inadequate. In the 1970s, for example, when young girls whose mothers were doctors were surveyed, they would often declare that doctors were boys and nurses were girls. ………… .These examples showed that most children looked outside the home for their role models.
A)On the other hand, most radical feminists seemed to have mothers who were housewives
B)Often such outrageous figures as Madonna become role models
C)Socially most people are members of a group they perceive as "family"
D)Children inherit two separate bloodlines at birth- the mother's and the father's
E)In contrast, all boys wanted to be just like their fathers

34-As far as mankind is concerned, the zebra is one of the most useless animals in existence. ………. . Though they run wild and have much the same diet as edible animals like the eland and gazelle, their meat tastes too awful to be eaten. Though their stripped hide is beautiful to look at, it is not strong or durable enough to be put to any use.
A) While the zebra lives in Africa, there is a similar animal, in the Tibetan Plateau
B) Horses, on the other hand, have been domesticated since before recorded history
C) They are shaped like donkeys, but refuse to be trained, and simply will not work
D) Since all zoos have zebras, everyone knows what they look like
E) Even so, they are a big tourist attraction in the game parks of Africa
35-Cocoa is a product of Theobroma cacao, a small tree originally found in tropical America. It flowers directly from the trunk and branches, and has fruits containing 40-60 seeds. …………. . At the end of all these processes, raw or bitter chocolate is produced.
A)These seeds are the raw material from which chocolate is made
B)The ripe seeds are fermented, dried, roasted and ground to a paste
C)About 1 million tons of cocoa a year is produced in Africa and Brazil
D)In the 1800s, eating chocolate and powdered cocoa were developed
E)To make chocolate, cocoa butter has to be added to balance the sugar

36-…………. . It affects eight percent of men and one in two hundred and fifty women. It is particularly troublesome when individuals cannot distinguish between red and green - the colours of traffic lights.
A)Acute alcoholism is a serious problem in the northern part of Australia
B)The origins of the colours used in traffic signals is difficult to trace
C)While some people think green is a beautiful colour, others prefer red
D)Colour blindness is an inherited condition affecting the ability to see colours
E)Persistent headaches and blurred vision are symptoms that may indicate serious eye disorders

37- ……… . Both are derived from the Greek term for city-state and have to do with the administration and oversight of communities of people. Police operations vary from nation to nation. In some states, police forces arc highly militarised and nearly indistinguishable from the armed forces.
A)The words 'police' and 'politics' are related
B)Police forces are part of the criminal justice system
C)Interpol has caught thousands of international criminals
D)Many of the regulatory powers of government involve some kind of policing activity
E)Many countries have centralised, or national, police organisations

38-Janissaries were the elite troops of the Ottoman Army and were founded in the 14th century. ………. . From the 17th century onward, however, Muslims were recruited as well, and they became a powerful and influential force in the empire until they were massacred by Sultan Mahmud II in 1826.
A)The strong Islamic beliefs of the troops made them a powerful army
B)In the early 19th century, they tried to overthrow the reigning Sultan
C)The boys were chosen at a young age and taken away from their families
D)They lived in a special barracks inside' the walls of Topkapi Palace
E)Originally, they were recruited from Christian boys and captives of war

39-The Kani people belong to one of the poorest tribes in the southern Indian state of Kerala. These rain-forest dwellers live in fragile shacks. Each night they sleep with the fear that a passing herd of wild elephants could trample them to death. …………. . They believe that they are the descendants of the chief physician of the gods, and that his wisdom of healing has been passed down to them through the ages.
A)Elephants are not normally dangerous animals unless provoked
B)But even in poverty, the Kanis have not forgotten their mythical past
C)India has many such tribes with no traditions or even oral history
D)As you can imagine, this makes it hard to get a good night's sleep
E)It is interesting that, though largely Christian, Kerala had the world's first elected Communist government

40-…………. . By translating the results of scientific, experiments into mathematical terms, it is possible to develop assumptions and formulae for general application. Further experimentation is often suggested in this process. In this way, mathematics clarifies and furthers knowledge of the physical world.